CVE Details
CVE-2016-3081
Apache Struts Command Injection Vulnerability
Published: 2026-10-08
CVSS: 8.1 HIGH
Product: Apache Struts
Due Date: 2026-10-11
Apache Struts contains a command injection vulnerability that could allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via method:prefix when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled.
GitHub PoC
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FIRST EPSS
EPSS estimates the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days. Higher values indicate higher likelihood of real-world exploitation.
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References
Show Raw Data
| Key | Remaining Key | Value |
|---|---|---|
| containers > | cna > affected > 0 > product | n/a |
| containers > | cna > affected > 0 > vendor | n/a |
| containers > | cna > affected > 0 > versions > 0 > status | affected |
| containers > | cna > affected > 0 > versions > 0 > version | n/a |
| containers > | cna > datePublic | 2016-04-19T00:00:00.000Z |
| containers > | cna > descriptions > 0 > lang | en |
| containers > | cna > descriptions > 0 > value | Apache Struts 2.3.19 to 2.3.20.2, 2.3.21 to 2.3.24.1, and 2.3.25 to 2.3.28, when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via method: prefix, related to chained expressions. |
| containers > | cna > problemTypes > 0 > descriptions > 0 > description | n/a |
| containers > | cna > problemTypes > 0 > descriptions > 0 > lang | en |
| containers > | cna > problemTypes > 0 > descriptions > 0 > type | text |
| containers > | cna > providerMetadata > dateUpdated | 2019-08-12T20:45:53.000Z |
| containers > | cna > providerMetadata > orgId | 53f830b8-0a3f-465b-8143-3b8a9948e749 |
| containers > | cna > providerMetadata > shortName | redhat |
| containers > | cna > references > 0 > name | 1035665 |
| containers > | cna > references > 0 > tags > 0 | vdb-entry |
| containers > | cna > references > 0 > tags > 1 | x_refsource_SECTRACK |
| containers > | cna > references > 0 > url | http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1035665 |
| containers > | cna > references > 1 > tags > 0 | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| containers > | cna > references > 1 > url | https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-032.html |
| containers > | cna > references > 2 > tags > 0 | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| containers > | cna > references > 2 > url | http://www.huawei.com/en/psirt/security-advisories/huawei-sa-20160527-01-struts2-en |
| containers > | cna > references > 3 > tags > 0 | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| containers > | cna > references > 3 > url | http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2016-2881720.html |
| containers > | cna > references > 4 > tags > 0 | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| containers > | cna > references > 4 > url | http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2016-2881722.html |
| containers > | cna > references > 5 > tags > 0 | x_refsource_MISC |
| containers > | cna > references > 5 > url | http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/linux/http/struts_dmi_exec |
| containers > | cna > references > 6 > name | 39756 |
| containers > | cna > references > 6 > tags > 0 | exploit |
| containers > | cna > references > 6 > tags > 1 | x_refsource_EXPLOIT-DB |
| containers > | cna > references > 6 > url | https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39756/ |
| containers > | cna > references > 7 > name | 91787 |
| containers > | cna > references > 7 > tags > 0 | vdb-entry |
| containers > | cna > references > 7 > tags > 1 | x_refsource_BID |
| containers > | cna > references > 7 > url | http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91787 |
| containers > | cna > references > 8 > tags > 0 | x_refsource_MISC |
| containers > | cna > references > 8 > url | http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/136856/Apache-Struts-2.3.28-Dynamic-Method-Invocation-Remote-Code-Execution.html |
| containers > | cna > references > 9 > name | 87327 |
| containers > | cna > references > 9 > tags > 0 | vdb-entry |
| containers > | cna > references > 9 > tags > 1 | x_refsource_BID |
| containers > | cna > references > 9 > url | http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/87327 |
| containers > | cna > references > 10 > tags > 0 | x_refsource_MISC |
| containers > | cna > references > 10 > url | http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/multi/http/struts_dmi_exec |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > CVE_data_meta > ASSIGNER | [email protected] |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > CVE_data_meta > ID | CVE-2016-3081 |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > CVE_data_meta > STATE | PUBLIC |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > affects > vendor > vendor_data > 0 > product > product_data > 0 > product_name | n/a |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > affects > vendor > vendor_data > 0 > product > product_data > 0 > version > version_data > 0 > version_value | n/a |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > affects > vendor > vendor_data > 0 > vendor_name | n/a |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > data_format | MITRE |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > data_type | CVE |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > data_version | 4.0 |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > description > description_data > 0 > lang | eng |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > description > description_data > 0 > value | Apache Struts 2.3.19 to 2.3.20.2, 2.3.21 to 2.3.24.1, and 2.3.25 to 2.3.28, when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via method: prefix, related to chained expressions. |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > problemtype > problemtype_data > 0 > description > 0 > lang | eng |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > problemtype > problemtype_data > 0 > description > 0 > value | n/a |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > references > reference_data > 0 > name | 1035665 |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > references > reference_data > 0 > refsource | SECTRACK |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > references > reference_data > 0 > url | http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1035665 |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > references > reference_data > 1 > name | https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-032.html |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > references > reference_data > 1 > refsource | CONFIRM |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > references > reference_data > 1 > url | https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-032.html |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > references > reference_data > 2 > name | http://www.huawei.com/en/psirt/security-advisories/huawei-sa-20160527-01-struts2-en |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > references > reference_data > 2 > refsource | CONFIRM |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > references > reference_data > 2 > url | http://www.huawei.com/en/psirt/security-advisories/huawei-sa-20160527-01-struts2-en |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > references > reference_data > 3 > name | http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2016-2881720.html |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > references > reference_data > 3 > refsource | CONFIRM |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > references > reference_data > 3 > url | http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2016-2881720.html |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > references > reference_data > 4 > name | http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2016-2881722.html |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > references > reference_data > 4 > refsource | CONFIRM |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > references > reference_data > 4 > url | http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2016-2881722.html |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > references > reference_data > 5 > name | http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/linux/http/struts_dmi_exec |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > references > reference_data > 5 > refsource | MISC |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > references > reference_data > 5 > url | http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/linux/http/struts_dmi_exec |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > references > reference_data > 6 > name | 39756 |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > references > reference_data > 6 > refsource | EXPLOIT-DB |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > references > reference_data > 6 > url | https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39756/ |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > references > reference_data > 7 > name | 91787 |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > references > reference_data > 7 > refsource | BID |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > references > reference_data > 7 > url | http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91787 |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > references > reference_data > 8 > name | http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/136856/Apache-Struts-2.3.28-Dynamic-Method-Invocation-Remote-Code-Execution.html |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > references > reference_data > 8 > refsource | MISC |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > references > reference_data > 8 > url | http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/136856/Apache-Struts-2.3.28-Dynamic-Method-Invocation-Remote-Code-Execution.html |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > references > reference_data > 9 > name | 87327 |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > references > reference_data > 9 > refsource | BID |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > references > reference_data > 9 > url | http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/87327 |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > references > reference_data > 10 > name | http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/multi/http/struts_dmi_exec |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > references > reference_data > 10 > refsource | MISC |
| containers > | cna > x_legacyV4Record > references > reference_data > 10 > url | http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/multi/http/struts_dmi_exec |
| containers > | adp > 0 > providerMetadata > orgId | af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108 |
| containers > | adp > 0 > providerMetadata > shortName | CVE |
| containers > | adp > 0 > providerMetadata > dateUpdated | 2024-08-05T23:40:15.633Z |
| containers > | adp > 0 > title | CVE Program Container |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 0 > name | 1035665 |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 0 > tags > 0 | vdb-entry |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 0 > tags > 1 | x_refsource_SECTRACK |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 0 > tags > 2 | x_transferred |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 0 > url | http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1035665 |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 1 > tags > 0 | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 1 > tags > 1 | x_transferred |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 1 > url | https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-032.html |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 2 > tags > 0 | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 2 > tags > 1 | x_transferred |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 2 > url | http://www.huawei.com/en/psirt/security-advisories/huawei-sa-20160527-01-struts2-en |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 3 > tags > 0 | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 3 > tags > 1 | x_transferred |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 3 > url | http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2016-2881720.html |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 4 > tags > 0 | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 4 > tags > 1 | x_transferred |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 4 > url | http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2016-2881722.html |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 5 > tags > 0 | x_refsource_MISC |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 5 > tags > 1 | x_transferred |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 5 > url | http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/linux/http/struts_dmi_exec |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 6 > name | 39756 |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 6 > tags > 0 | exploit |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 6 > tags > 1 | x_refsource_EXPLOIT-DB |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 6 > tags > 2 | x_transferred |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 6 > url | https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39756/ |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 7 > name | 91787 |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 7 > tags > 0 | vdb-entry |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 7 > tags > 1 | x_refsource_BID |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 7 > tags > 2 | x_transferred |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 7 > url | http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91787 |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 8 > tags > 0 | x_refsource_MISC |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 8 > tags > 1 | x_transferred |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 8 > url | http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/136856/Apache-Struts-2.3.28-Dynamic-Method-Invocation-Remote-Code-Execution.html |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 9 > name | 87327 |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 9 > tags > 0 | vdb-entry |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 9 > tags > 1 | x_refsource_BID |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 9 > tags > 2 | x_transferred |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 9 > url | http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/87327 |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 10 > tags > 0 | x_refsource_MISC |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 10 > tags > 1 | x_transferred |
| containers > | adp > 0 > references > 10 > url | http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/multi/http/struts_dmi_exec |
| containers > | adp > 1 > metrics > 0 > cvssV3_1 > scope | UNCHANGED |
| containers > | adp > 1 > metrics > 0 > cvssV3_1 > version | 3.1 |
| containers > | adp > 1 > metrics > 0 > cvssV3_1 > baseScore | 8.1 |
| containers > | adp > 1 > metrics > 0 > cvssV3_1 > attackVector | NETWORK |
| containers > | adp > 1 > metrics > 0 > cvssV3_1 > baseSeverity | HIGH |
| containers > | adp > 1 > metrics > 0 > cvssV3_1 > vectorString | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H |
| containers > | adp > 1 > metrics > 0 > cvssV3_1 > integrityImpact | HIGH |
| containers > | adp > 1 > metrics > 0 > cvssV3_1 > userInteraction | NONE |
| containers > | adp > 1 > metrics > 0 > cvssV3_1 > attackComplexity | HIGH |
| containers > | adp > 1 > metrics > 0 > cvssV3_1 > availabilityImpact | HIGH |
| containers > | adp > 1 > metrics > 0 > cvssV3_1 > privilegesRequired | NONE |
| containers > | adp > 1 > metrics > 0 > cvssV3_1 > confidentialityImpact | HIGH |
| containers > | adp > 1 > metrics > 1 > other > type | ssvc |
| containers > | adp > 1 > metrics > 1 > other > content > id | CVE-2016-3081 |
| containers > | adp > 1 > metrics > 1 > other > content > role | CISA Coordinator |
| containers > | adp > 1 > metrics > 1 > other > content > options > 0 > Exploitation | active |
| containers > | adp > 1 > metrics > 1 > other > content > options > 1 > Automatable | no |
| containers > | adp > 1 > metrics > 1 > other > content > options > 2 > Technical Impact | total |
| containers > | adp > 1 > metrics > 1 > other > content > version | 2.0.3 |
| containers > | adp > 1 > metrics > 1 > other > content > timestamp | 2026-10-08T17:40:07.972437Z |
| containers > | adp > 1 > references > 0 > url | https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2016-3081 |
| containers > | adp > 1 > references > 0 > tags > 0 | government-resource |
| containers > | adp > 1 > problemTypes > 0 > descriptions > 0 > lang | en |
| containers > | adp > 1 > problemTypes > 0 > descriptions > 0 > type | CWE |
| containers > | adp > 1 > problemTypes > 0 > descriptions > 0 > cweId | CWE-77 |
| containers > | adp > 1 > problemTypes > 0 > descriptions > 0 > description | CWE-77 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection') |
| containers > | adp > 1 > title | CISA ADP Vulnrichment |
| containers > | adp > 1 > providerMetadata > orgId | 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0 |
| containers > | adp > 1 > providerMetadata > shortName | CISA-ADP |
| containers > | adp > 1 > providerMetadata > dateUpdated | 2026-10-08T17:41:47.155Z |
| cveMetadata > | assignerOrgId | 53f830b8-0a3f-465b-8143-3b8a9948e749 |
| cveMetadata > | assignerShortName | redhat |
| cveMetadata > | cveId | CVE-2016-3081 |
| cveMetadata > | datePublished | 2016-04-26T14:00:00.000Z |
| cveMetadata > | dateReserved | 2016-03-10T00:00:00.000Z |
| cveMetadata > | dateUpdated | 2026-10-08T17:41:47.155Z |
| cveMetadata > | state | PUBLISHED |
| dataType | CVE_RECORD | |
| dataVersion | 5.2 |